Scientists have found that the Hoffmann reflex — a test often used to evaluate reflexes in the upper extremities — can be used as a biomarker to assess the correct placement of electrodes during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. This reflex test, in which electrical stimulation is applied to a particular muscle and then measuring its reflex response, can be performed easily and evaluated while patients are having surgery.…

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